Nowadays,as the most famous and important humanitarian organization around the world ,the Red Cross Society plays a key role in rescuing and relieving. In the year of 1904, by the establishment of Shanghai International Red Cross Committee, the Red Cross had been blooming in the local society of China, leading the movement of wounded rescuing and local charity affairs. In the year of 1912, the rules of local branch were created in the unifying conference of the China Red Cross Society, showing that the local Red Cross Society was normalized. Since then, the local Red Cross Society had been operating better within absorbing traditional Chinese charity spirit. This dissertation focuses on how Tsingpu Branch in Kiangsu Province, which was founded in 1924 to meet the requirement of rescuing in the war of Kiangsu-Chekiang, used their leader Hsu Hsi-chun(1885-1965)’s local society and commercial source to take the rescue movement of victims and push public health affairs in Tsingpu County, thus observing how the Red Cross Spirit made contact with traditional Chinese local society. As the third realm organized by local elites, including local construction and social welfare, operated in local society in China, this dissertation will also discuss how the mechanism operates under the flag of the Red Cross. Based on the observation on the local Red Cross in modern China, the dissertation provides a new approach to research the nature of the Red Cross Movement in China besides the existing discusses on the China National Red Cross Society.
如今,紅十字運動作為全球最大、最重要的人道主義組織,在成立後的百餘年間,承擔著戰爭救護、賑濟災民、防疫等多類人道主義工作。1904年,紅十字運動正式進入中國。清末民初,除了中國紅十字會總會外,各地方也相應設立了分會,並於1912年紅十字會統一大會後得以規範化。由此,地方紅十字分會逐漸在中國各地落地生根,且與長期植根的中國傳統慈善文化對話乃至吸收部分元素,成為了近代中國慈善事業的重要一環。本文以1924年9月,因應江浙戰爭救護而成立的中國紅十字會青浦分會作為討論對象,從考察其成立前青浦縣的社會、經濟背景出發,以戰時救護、救助與平時參與地方公共衛生事務兩個方面,考察青浦紅十字會是如何運用各類政治、社會、經濟資源,如政府支持、總分會協助、民眾捐贈、領導人商業人脈關係等,踐行紅十字運動「人道、公正、中立、志願、統一、普遍」等紅十字運動的原則,高舉「人道、奉獻、博愛」的紅十字運動旗幟開展各項工作。同時,由於青浦紅十字會的領導群體主要由熱中地方公共事務的地方士紳、商人組成,在國家權力與地方社會之間形成的「第三領域」中,這些領導群體的活動對於維持地方社會秩序等方面發揮了重要作用,因而本文亦會從國家與社會關係的視角出發,將青浦紅十字會的慈善行動置於其間進行考察,以討論地方紅十字會如何運用各類地方社會資源開展工作,以及其在地方社會中的定位與性質。作為一種舶來的慈善文化,紅十字運動進入中國後勢必會與同樣高舉人道精神的中國傳統慈善事業形成一定的對話空間,因而本文亦會討論青浦紅十字會在施善的過程中如何結合傳統慈善文化的相關元素開展施善。本文從縣級分會這一紅十字最基層組織出發觀察,為近代中國紅十字運動探索了一條新的觀察途徑,並結合學界針對中國紅十字會總會的研究成果,以「上下結合」方式來探討紅十字運動在中國社會的定位和面向。
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